Monday, January 19, 2009

FBI checking database to make sure it is matching fugitives' fingerprints

The above headline was from an article on the case of Jeremy Jones whose initial Georgia arrest when processed failed to match his fingerprints to a prior fingerprint record in Oklahoma. When a match was not made, a new file in the FBI database was created for "Chapman". Jones was wanted in Oklahoma for jumping bail in 2000, where he was charged with two counts of rape and two counts of sodomy. After the initial missed identification Jones was responsible for 3 homicides. After his arrest he unexpectedly made a startling confession, he also confessed to 13 other murders across six states. The FBI review concluded that even when functioning well, the fingerprint system is 95% to 98% accurate, as it process's 50,000 prints a day. This would mean that the FBI could possibly be missing 1,000 records a day. FBI computer technicians could adjust the computer to produce more potential fingerprint matches in more cases."But that will cost law enforcement time and give you more false positives,".The thing I want to point out is that fingerprint arrest card processing is critical to a good state system and even the best systems produce errors, the consequences from a fingerprint error as you see can be significant. While fingerprint errors resulting in homicides are rare, I know of two (2) other instances where a tenprint fingerprint miss has resulted in additional homicide victims. Usually a missed fingerprint identification results in incorrect criminal history information being associated with an individual, which often results in liability costs for the state. The FBI fingerprint system does have a significant advantage over most state agency fingerprint systems when it comes to accuracy, it can reject poor quality or improperly rolled fingerprint arrest cards. Since the states are often required to accept and process poor quality(reprint not available) fingerprint arrest cards, is highly unlikely that a state system could come close to the FBI IAFIS on fingerprint system accuracy. The result is a state fingerprint database that has questionable fingerprint images in the search database, negatively impacting fingerprint accuracy. A very significant problem with these poor quality fingerprint arrest records, the FBI will not accept and process these fingerprint records, so they will not appear on the FBI criminal history, no NCIC record of that fingerprint event.
Many states rely on a train the trainer concept to get booking officers trained properly in the hope of improving fingerprint image quality, unfortunately because of turnover this concept has not been successful. I would suggest that the proper taking of fingerprints training be a part of all states jail standards and that booking officers be required to attend formal training on the proper techniques required to capture a good set of fingerprint images. In addition to the initial training the booking officers should receive periodic formal in-service refresher training on capturing good quality fingerprints as part of their job requirements.The training should cover capturing fingerprints using both ink & roll and livescan technology, even if it requires hiring a private vendor. Maybe just to start another train of thought, an old idea that has been brought up numerous times by just about all latent fingerprint examiners. Why not go back to the full pattern designation in afis ? central pocket loop whorl etc. It is a way to increase fingerprint accuracy and the Jeremy Jones error probably would not have occurred.

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